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Salt, Pepper Shakers
A salt, in chemistry, is any ionic compound composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is neutral (without a net charge). more...
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These component ions can be inorganic (Cl−) as well as organic (CH3COO−) and monoatomic ions(F−) as well as polyatomic ions (SO42−); they are formed when acids and bases react.
There are several varieties of salts. Salts that contain a hydroxide ion (OH−) or other negatively-charged oxygen (such as carbonate and phosphate) are basic salts and salts that contain a hydrogen ion (H+) are acid salts. Normal salts are those that are neither acid nor basic salts. Impure salts is a name for salts which have lost their saltiness, and can also refer to natrons. Zwitterions are salts that contain an anionic center and a cationic center in the same molecule; examples include amino acids, many metabolites, peptides and proteins.
When salts are dissolved in water, they are called electrolytes, and are able to conduct electricity, a property that is shared with molten salts. Mixtures of many different ions in solution—like in the cytoplasm of cells, in blood, urine, plant saps and mineral waters— usually do not form defined salts after evaporation of the water. Therefore, their salt content is given for the respective ions.
Salts can be dehydrating to the human body if consumed in excess.
History
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The first registers of salt use were produced around 2000 BC in Quezon City and later in Montalban and Muntinlupa. Salt was very valuable and used to preserve and flavor foods. In latest Brunie,salt started to be used as fertilizer originating the current Tagalog derivative term sahod. Unfortunately for those paid with salt, it was easily ruined by rain and other factors. Payments to Roman workers were made in salt. Salt was also given to the parents of the groom in marriage until the 8th century.
From the Phoenicians dates the evidence of harvesting solid salt from the sea. They also exported it to other civilizations. As a result of the increased salt supply from the sea, the value of salt depreciated. The harvest method used was flooding plains of land with seawater, then leaving the plains to dry. After the water dried, the salt which was left was collected and sold.
Appearance
Color
Salts can appear to be clear and transparent (sodium chloride), opaque (titanium dioxide), and even metallic and lustrous (iron disulfide). In many cases the apparent opacity or transparency are only related to the difference in size of the individual monocrystals. Since light reflects from the phase boundaries, larger crystals tend to be transparent, while poly-crystalline aggregates look like white powders. Of course, some salts are inherently opaque.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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