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A waste collection vehicle (WCV)/ refuse collection vehicle (RCV), garbage truck (in North America), rubbish truck (in Australia), or dustcart, or sometimes dustbin wagon (in Britain and other Commonwealth countries), is a truck specially designed to pick up smaller quantities of waste and haul it to landfills and other recycling or treatment facilities. They are a common sight in most urban areas.
Types of waste collection vehicle
There are five basic models of waste collection vehicles:
Front loaders;
Rear loaders;
Automated Side loaders (ASL);
Pneumatic collection;
Grapple trucks;
Front loaders
Front loaders generally service commercial and industrial businesses using large waste containers with plastic lids . The truck is equipped with automated forks on the front which the driver carefully aligns with sleeves on the waste container using a joystick or a set of levers. The waste container is then lifted over the truck. Once it gets to the top the container is then flipped upside down and the waste or recyclable material is emptied into the vehicle's hopper. Once the waste is dumped, it is compacted by a large blade called a \"packer blade\" that pushes the waste to the rear of the vehicle. Most of the newer WCVs have \"pack-on-the-go hydraulics\" which lets the driver pack loads while driving, allowing faster route times.
Rear loaders
Rear loaders commonly service residential areas. They have an opening at the rear that a waste collector can throw waste bags or empty the contents of bins into. Often in many areas they have a lifting mechanism to automatically empty large carts called toters without the operator having to lift the waste by hand. Typical bin sizes are 35-95 gallon carts.
Another popular system for the rear loader is a rear load container specially built to fit a groove in the truck. The truck will have a wire / chain or strap system for lifting in the two \"eyes\" on the rear top. The waste will then slide into the tray of the truck. Normal sizes are 6 to 22 m³. The disadvantage of the large containers is that it requires a lot of free space upwards, while the smaller bins never reach higher than the truck itself.
The rear loader usually compacts the waste with a sweep-and-slide system that digs in the waste and compresses it against a moving wall, that will move it towards the front of the vehicle as the pressure forces the hydraulic valves to open.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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